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eCAM Advance Access first published online on January 25, 2008
This version published online on January 28, 2008
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nem182
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Group Music Intervention Reduces Aggression and Improves Self-esteem in Children with Highly Aggressive Behavior: A Pilot Controlled Trial

Ae-Na Choi1, Myeong Soo Lee2,4 and Jung-Sook Lee3

1Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School of Art Therapy, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 2Center for Integrative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Wonkwang University, Iksan and 3Department of Psychotherapy, Graduate School of Child Psychotherapy, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea

We investigated the effects of group music intervention on aggression and self-esteem in children with highly aggressive behavior. Forty-eight children were allocated to either a music intervention group or an untreated control group. The music intervention group received 50 min of music intervention twice weekly for 15 consecutive weeks. The outcome measures were Child Behavior Checklist Aggression Problems Scale (Parents), Child Aggression Assessment Inventory (Teachers) and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. After 15 weeks, the music intervention group showed significant reduction of aggression and improvement of self-esteem compared with the control group. All outcome measures were significantly lower in the music intervention group than prior to treatment, while there was no change in the control group. These findings suggest that music can reduce aggressive behavior and improve self-esteem in children with highly aggressive behavior. Music intervention is an easily accessible therapy for children and as such may be an effective intervention for aggressive behavior. Further more, objective and replicable measures are required from a randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size and active comparable control.

Keywords: Aggression – child – music intervention – self-esteem

For reprints and all correspondence: Ae-Na Choi, PhD, Department of Music Therapy, Graduate School of Art Therapy, Daejeon University, South Korea. Tel: 82(0)-18-377-4170; Fax: 82(0)2-790-8904; E-mail: drmslee{at}gmail.com; aena617{at}hanmail.net

4Present address: Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Univerisities of Exeter & Plymouth, Exeter, UK

Received April 11, 2007; accepted December 11, 2007


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