eCAM Advance Access published online on April 13, 2005
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/neh078
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1 Department of Biofunctional Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. We examined whether Brazilian green propolis, a widely used folk medicine, has a neuroprotective function in vitro and/or in vivo. In vitro, propolis (4 and 40 µg/ml) significantly inhibited neurotoxicity induced in neuronally differentiated PC12 cell cultures by either 24 h hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure or 48 h serum deprivation. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism, propolis protected against oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation; IC50, 6.6 µg/ml) in mouse forebrain homogenates and scavenged free radicals [induced by diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); IC50, 2.3 µg/ml]. In mice in vivo, propolis [30 or 100 mg/kg; intraperitoneally administered four times (at 2 days, 1 day and 60 min before, and at 4 h after induction of focal cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion)] reduced brain infarction at 24 h after the occlusion. Thus, a propolis-induced inhibition of oxidative stress may be partly responsible for its neuroprotective function against in vitro cell death and in vivo focal cerebral ischemia.
Received January 4, 2005
Accepted March 6, 2005
Original Article
Neuroprotection by Brazilian Green Propolis against In vitro and In vivo Ischemic Neuronal Damage
2 Department of Biofunctional Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
3 Research Center, API Co. Ltd, Gifu, Japan
4 Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
Hideaki Hara, E-mail: hidehara{at}gifu-pu.ac.jp
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