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Role of TOLL-like Receptors in Adjuvant-Augmented Immune Therapies by T. Seya
Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
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Is There an Evidence-based Approach to TOLL and CAM? |
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I have two approaches to CAM and therefore to eCAM. First as an experimental biologist, I would like to see CAM emerge not as a highly descriptive branch of biomedicine. CAM as a biomedical pursuit should be driven by imaginative probing—a search for evidence through endless questioning. Second, because of my interest in an evolutionary approach, especially to the mysteries of the immune system, I seek to search for origins as a way to understand the length and breadth or vertical and horizontal positions of biomedical phenomena. The extensiveness in either of the four directions provides important clues as to underlying explanations that often serve to strip away the mystique of what are more complex mechanisms in mammals, especially in humans, which after all is what CAM is all about—its essence. Taking the question of TOLL as one infinitesimal example of gene products, we can view signaling with respect
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A TOLL Approach to CAM or is it Vice Versa? |
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Evolutionary Perspectives |
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TOLL in a Protostome Invertebrate: Mosquito
TOLL/IL-1 in Innate Immunity of Nematode Worm
Invertebrates (Earthworms) Recognize Pathogens by Germ Line Receptors but there is Yet no Apparent TOLL
Vertebrate Ancestors: The Tunicates Typical Deuterostomes
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Receptors and External Agents that can Affect the Immune System |
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Innate Sensing from the Perspective of NK Cells
How do CAM Agents Activate NK Cells?
Mechanisms by Which Foods Influence Immune Functions
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TOLL and CAM: Perspectives |
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For reprints and all correspondence: Edwin L. Cooper, Editor in Chief, eCAM, Distinguished Professor, Laboratory of Comparative Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA. Tel: +1-310-825-9567; Fax: +1-310-825-2224; E-mail: cooper@mednet.ucla.edu
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