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eCAM Advance Access originally published online on January 28, 2005
eCAM 2005 2(1):59-67; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh058
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Review

Oncopharmacological Perspectives of a Plant Lectin (Viscum album Agglutinin-I): Overview of Recent Results from In vitro Experiments and In vivo Animal Models, and Their Possible Relevance for Clinical Applications

Tibor Hajtó1, Katarina Hostanska2, Timea Berki1, László Pálinkás1, Ferenc Boldizsár1 and Péter Németh1,*

1Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine Pécs, Hungary, and 2Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich Switzerland

*For reprints and all correspondence: Dr Peter Nemeth, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, H-7643 Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Hungary. Tel: +36-72-536-291; Fax: +36-72-536-289; E-mail: peter.nemeth@aok.pte.hu

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Introduction
 
An old goal of natural complementary medical therapy has been to aim at a long-term stimulation of natural resistance in order to restrain cancer progression or improve defective immunological conditions without toxic side effects. Mistletoe extracts were applied to a large number of cancer patients because of their modulatory effect on the natural immune system. By carefully removing lectins, an essential group of components, from mistletoe extracts, a significant reduction of their effectiveness on several cellular immune parameters could be observed in vivo (1). That is the reason why, for the last 14 years, biological research of mistletoe extracts has focused on lectins. Meanwhile, the quantitatively dominant lectin, Viscum album agglutinin (VAA)-I has become available in a recombinant form (rVAA). Other constitiuents of plant extracts such as viscotoxins (2,3), poly- and oligosaccharides (4), flavonoids (5,6), chitin-binding mistletoe lectin . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Structural Properties of Viscum album Agglutinin (VAA)-I Are Important for the Biological Activity of Mistletoe Plant Extracts
 

   Biological Activity of Mistletoe Lectin (VAA-I)
 
In Vitro Experimental Evidence for Cytotoxic, Cytostatic and Apoptotic Effects

Is VAA-I treatment dose and time dependent in cell cultures?

What is the pathway of VAA-I-induced apoptosis?

Investigations of Lectin-induced Gene Expression and Secretion of Proinflammatory Cytokines

Can the proinflammatory cytokine production be influenced?

Which subsets of leukocytes are activated after VAA-I priming in vitro?

In Vitro Effects of VAA-I on Cellular Parameters of Innate immunity and on Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells of Bone Marrow

In Vivo Effects of Mistletoe Extracts and VAA-I on Cellular Parameters of the Natural Immune System in an Animal Model, Healthy Volunteers and Cancer Patients

In Vivo Effect of VAA-I on Proliferation and Apoptosis of Murine Thymocytes

Can we also detect apoptotic effects of VAA-I in vivo?

How does the relationship between glucocorticoids and VAA-I affect murine thymocytes?

Modulating the Effect of VAA-I on the Dexamethasone-induced Apoptosis and Glucocorticoid Receptor Level in Balb/c Thymocytes


   Conclusions
 

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