© 2004, the authors Evidenced-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 2 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated.
Lecture Series |
Evidence-based Reconstruction of Kampo Medicine: Part II—The Concept of Sho
Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University Japan
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Introduction |
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In this lecture, I would like to focus on and discuss what I think is the central concept of Kampo: the concept of Sho. It can be roughly translated into English as, for example, symptoms, signs or evidence, and I shall try to explain (though not define) it in more detail in the second section of this article. There are several reasons why I try to represent Kampo practice as based centrally on Sho, besides the fact that I believe it is really part of the essence of Kampo.
First, many Western scientists and physicians are put off from the start if they are told that it is impossible for them to understand traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or Kampo without grasping the full complexities of its basic concepts such as Ying-Yang, five elements, five organs, Qi, etc. If Western scientists and physicians are told that the TCM paradigm is so
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Overview of the Basic Attitudes/Concepts of Kampo |
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Qualitative and Intuitive Approach to Individual Patients, Shi-Shin (Four Diagnostic Approaches), or How Sho is Encountered
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Major Categories of Disease Conditions and Substances to Illustrate Sho as Symptom in Kampo |
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Disease Condition (or States) Categories: Yin-Yo (Ying-Yang), Jitsu-Kyo and Kan-Netsu
A. Yin Sho–Yo Sho
B. Jitsu Sho–Kyo Sho
C. Netsu Sho–Kan Sho
The Three Substance Categories: Ki, Ketsu and Sui
Some Examples of Sho Expressed in Disease Conditions (States) and Substances
A. Ki-Kyo and Ketsu-Kyo
B. Ki-utsu and Ki-gyaku
C. O-Ketsu and Sui-Tai
On Anatomical and Disease Phase Concepts
A Simplified Representation of the Kampo Approach
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Sho as the Crucial Concept in Kampo |
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How to Understand the Sho Concept
The Many-to-many Correspondence Between Kampo Sho and Western Disease Entities
For reprints and all correspondence: Professor Katsutoshi Terasawa, Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine. Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University. E-mail: terasawa@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
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