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eCAM Advance Access published online on November 23, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep171
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Connective Tissue Reflex Massage for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease: Randomized Controlled Trial

Adelaida María Castro-Sánchez1, Carmen Moreno-Lorenzo2, Guillermo A. Matarán-Peñarrocha3, Belen Feriche-Fernández-Castanys4, Genoveva Granados-Gámez5 and José Manuel Quesada-Rubio6

1Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, University of Almeria, 2Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, 3Health District of La Vega (Malaga), 4Department of Physical Education, University of Granada, 5Department of Nursing and Physical Therapy, University of Almeria and 6Department of Statistics, University of Granada, Spain

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of connective tissue massage to improve blood circulation and intermittent claudication symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken. Ninety-eight type 2 diabetes patients with stage I or II-a peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (Leriche–Fontaine classification) were randomly assigned to a massage group or to a placebo group treated using disconnected magnetotherapy equipment. Peripheral arterial circulation was determined by measuring differential segmental arterial pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, oxygen saturation and skin blood flow. Measurements were taken before and at 30 min, 6 months and 1 year after the 15-week treatment. After the 15-week program, the groups differed (P < 0.05) in differential segmental arterial pressure in right lower limb (lower one-third of thigh, upper and lower one-third of leg) and left lower limb (lower one-third of thigh and upper and lower one-third of leg). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was also observed in skin blood flow in digits 1 and 4 of right foot and digits 2, 4 and 5 of left foot. ANOVA results were significant (P < 0.05) for right and left foot oxygen saturation but not for heart rate and temperature. At 6 months and 1 year, the groups differed in differential segmental arterial pressure in upper third of left and right legs. Connective tissue massage improves blood circulation in the lower limbs of type 2 diabetic patients at stage I or II-a and may be useful to slow the progression of PAD.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis – intervention – diabetes mellitus type 2 – intermittent claudication

For reprints and all correspondence: Adelaida Ma Castro Sánchez, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain. Tel: +34-950014146/689723203; Fax: +34-950015603; E-mail: adelaid{at}ual.es

Received April 23, 2009; accepted October 2, 2009


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