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eCAM Advance Access published online on October 7, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep161
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Efficacy and Safety Assessment of T. Angelica Herbal Tonic®, a Phytomedicinal Product Popularly Used in Nigeria

Charles O. Esimone1, Peter A. Akah2 and Chukwuemeka S. Nworu2

1Department of Pharmaceutics and 2Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria

T. Angelica Herbal Tonic® (TAHT) is a herbal product indicated for indigestion and constipation and highly patronized in Nigeria. In this study, the efficacy and safety of the herbal tonic in relation to the label claims were assessed. The effect on peristalsis in mice was evaluated by the charcoal meal model and in vitro using guinea pig ileum. The effects of TAHT on behavior, fertility, birth and organ weights were also determined. Teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity were studied in pregnant rats. Acute toxicity studies showed that at doses above 5000 mg kg–1, the herbal tonic did not cause lethality and produced no signs of intoxication in mice. The study did not show any gross behavioral changes in mice treated with 1000 mg kg–1 of TAHT as compared with the negative control treatment. TAHT (400 mg kg–1) exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in the gastrointestinal tract motility in mice when compared with the negative control. At concentrations up to 300 µg ml–1, TAHT did not cause any significant effect on acetylcholine, histamine and nicotine-evoked contractions of guinea pig ileum preparation. It took an average of 31.25 ± 4.52 days for the TAHT-treated animals to litter, which is significantly (P < 0.05) different from the 55 ± 4.51 days recorded for the control treatment group. TAHT exhibited a modest fertility-promoting effect and showed lack of abortifacient and teratogenic properties in the study. Generally, the results of this study showed some favorable pharmacological effects of TAHT in animals which may authenticate some of the label claims.

Keywords: bowel cleansing – constipation – herbal laxative – T. Angelica Herbal Tonic

For reprints and all correspondence: Chukwuemeka S. Nworu, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria. Tel: +2348033501106; Fax: +23442770644; E-mail: csnworu{at}yahoo.com

Received February 28, 2009; accepted September 13, 2009


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