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eCAM Advance Access published online on September 10, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep120
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© The Author(s) 2009. Published by Oxford University Press.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Inhibitory effects of ethyl acetate extract of Andrographis paniculata on NF-{kappa}B trans-activation activity and LPS-induced acute inflammation in mice

Wen-Wan Chao1, Yueh-Hsiung Kuo2,3,*, Shie-Liang Hsieh4 and Bi-Fong Lin1,*

1Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 2Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 3Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung and and 4Department and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan

This study was to investigate anti-inflammatory effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) (AP). The effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from AP on the level of inflammatory mediators were examined first using nuclear factor kappa B (NF-{kappa}B) driven luciferase assay. The results showed that AP significantly inhibited NF-{kappa}B luciferase activity and tumor necrosis factor {alpha} (TNF-{alpha}), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and nitric oxide (NO) secretions from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-{gamma} stimulated Raw264.7 cells. To further evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of AP in vivo, BALB/c mice were tube-fed with 0.78 (AP1), 1.56 (AP2), 3.12 (AP3) and 6.25 (AP4) mg kg–1 body weight (BW)/day in soybean oil, while the control and PDTC (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an anti-inflammatory agent) groups were tube-fed with soybean oil only. After 1 week of tube-feeding, the PDTC group was injected with 50 mg kg–1 BW PDTC and 1 h later, all of the mice were injected with 15 mg kg–1 BW LPS. The results showed that the AP1, AP2, AP3 and PDTC groups, but not AP4, had significantly higher survival rate than the control group. Thus, the control, AP1, AP2, AP3 and PDTC groups were repeated for in vivo parameters. The results showed that the AP and PDTC groups had significantly lower TNF-{alpha}, IL-12p40, MIP-2 or NO in serum or peritoneal macrophages and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung of mice. The AP1 group also had significantly lower MIP-2 mRNA expression in brain. This study suggests that AP can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and alleviate acute hazards at its optimal dosages.

Keywords: Andrographis paniculata – lipopolysaccharide – macrophage inflammatory protein-2 – nitric oxide – nuclear factor kappa B – tumor necrosis factor {alpha}

For reprints and all correspondence: Prof. Bi-Fong Lin, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Tel: +886-2-33664451; Fax: +886-2-23621301; E-mail: bifong{at}ntu.edu.tw

*These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received November 26, 2008; accepted July 17, 2009


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