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eCAM Advance Access published online on August 18, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep117
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Utilization of 3-month Yoga Program for Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study

Kyeongra Yang1, Lisa M. Bernardo1, Susan M. Sereika1, Molly B. Conroy2, Judy Balk2 and Lora E. Burke1

1School of Nursing and 2School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Various modes of physical activity, combined with dieting, have been widely recommended to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. Among these, yoga holds promise for reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes by promoting weight loss, improving glucose levels and reducing blood pressure and lipid levels. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing a 12-week yoga program among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Twenty-three adults (19 Whites and 4 non-Whites) were randomly assigned to the yoga intervention group or the educational group. The yoga group participated in a 3-month yoga intervention with sessions twice per week and the educational group received general health educational materials every 2 weeks. All participants completed questionnaires and had blood tests at baseline and at the end of 3 months. Effect sizes were reported to summarize the efficacy of the intervention. All participants assigned to the yoga intervention completed the yoga program without complication and expressed high satisfaction with the program (99.2%). Their yoga session attendance ranged from 58.3 to 100%. Compared with the education group, the yoga group experienced improvements in weight, blood pressure, insulin, triglycerides and exercise self-efficacy indicated by small to large effect sizes. This preliminary study indicates that a yoga program would be a possible risk reduction option for adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In addition, yoga holds promise as an approach to reducing cardiometabolic risk factors and increasing exercise self-efficacy for this group.

Keywords: exercise self-efficacy – high risk – type 2 diabetes – yoga

For reprints and all correspondence: Kyeongra Yang, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 415 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Tel: +1-412-624-6943; Fax: +1-412-383-7293; E-mail: yangk{at}pitt.edu

Received March 11, 2009; accepted July 8, 2009


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