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eCAM Advance Access published online on July 1, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nep060
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Gastroprotective Effect of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale) Extract: Role of Gallic Acid and Cinnamic Acid in H+, K+-ATPase/H. pylori Inhibition and Anti-oxidative Mechanism

Siddaraju M. Nanjundaiah, Harish Nayaka Mysore Annaiah and Shylaja M.Dharmesh

Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India

Zinger officinale has been used as a traditional source against gastric disturbances from time immemorial. The ulcer-preventive properties of aqueous extract of ginger rhizome (GRAE) belonging to the family Zingiberceae is reported in the present study. GRAE at 200 mg kg–1 b.w. protected up to 86% and 77% for the swim stress-/ethanol stress-induced ulcers with an ulcer index (UI) of 50 ± 4.0/46 ± 4.0 respectively, similar to that of lansoprazole (80%) at 30 mg kg–1 b.w. Increased H+, K+-ATPase activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in ulcer-induced rats, while GRAE fed rats showed normalized levels and GRAE also normalized depleted/amplified anti-oxidant enzymes in swim stress and ethanol stress-induced animals. Gastric mucin damage was recovered up to 77% and 74% in swim stress and ethanol stress, respectively after GRAE treatment. GRAE also inhibited the growth of H. pylori with MIC of 300 ± 38 µg and also possessed reducing power, free radical scavenging ability with an IC50 of 6.8 ± 0.4 µg ml–1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE). DNA protection up to 90% at 0.4 µg was also observed. Toxicity studies indicated no lethal effects in rats fed up to 5 g kg–1 b.w. Compositional analysis favored by determination of the efficacy of individual phenolic acids towards their potential ulcer-preventive ability revealed that between cinnamic (50%) and gallic (46%) phenolic acids, cinnamic acid appear to contribute to better H+, K+-ATPase and Helicobacter pylori inhibitory activity, while gallic acid contributes significantly to anti-oxidant activity.

Keywords: ginger aqueous extract – gastric ulcer – H+, K+-ATPase – H. pylori – anti-oxidant

For reprints and all correspondence: Dr Shylaja M. Dharmesh, Lab 114, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India. Tel: +91-0821-2514876; Fax: +91-0821-2517233; E-mail: cancerbiolab{at}yahoo.co.in

Received November 28, 2008; accepted May 28, 2009


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