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eCAM Advance Access published online on February 25, 2009
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nen090
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Evidences of Protective Potentials of Microdoses of Ultra-high Diluted Arsenic Trioxide in Mice Receiving Repeated Injections of Arsenic Trioxide

Pathikrit Banerjee1, Soumya Sundar Bhattacharyya1, Surajit Pathak1, Naoual Boujedaini2, Philippe Belon2 and Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh1

1Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India and 2Boiron Lab, 69110 Sainte-Foy-Les-Lyon, France

The present study was undertaken to examine if microdoses of ultra-high diluted arsenic trioxide (a potentized homeopathic remedy, Arsenicum Album 200C, diluted 10–400 times) have hepatoprotective potentials in mice subjected to repeated injections of arsenic trioxide. Arsenic intoxicated mice were divided into: (i) those receiving Arsenicum Album-200C daily, (ii) those receiving the same dose of diluted succussed alcohol (Alc 200C) and (iii) another group receiving neither drug nor succussed alcohol. Two other control groups were also maintained: one fed normal diet only and the other receiving normal diet and Alc-200C. Toxicity biomarkers like aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, glutathione reductase, catalase, succinate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione contents were periodically assayed keeping the observer ‘blinded’. Additionally, electron microscopic studies and gelatin zymography for matrix metalloproteinases of liver tissues were made at day 90 and 120. Blood glucose, hemoglobin, estradiol and testosterone contents were also studied. Compared to controls, Arsenicum Album-200C fed mice showed positive modulations of all parameters studied, thereby providing evidence of protective potentials of the homeopathic drug against chronic arsenic poisoning.

Keywords: biomarkers – hepatotoxicity – homeopathy – lipid peroxidation – oxidative stress

For reprints and all correspondence: Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India. Tel: + 91-33-2582-8750, extn: 315 (O)/2582-8768 (R); Fax: + 91-33-2582-8282; E-mail: khudabukhsh_48{at}rediffmail.com; prof_arkb{at}yahoo.co.in

Received January 4, 2008; accepted December 19, 2008


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