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eCAM Advance Access published online on August 21, 2008

eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nen055
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Ethical Considerations for Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Trials: A Cross-cultural Perspective*

Christopher Zaslawski

College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

Many ethical concerns revolve around the four basic principles of research: merit and integrity, respect for human beings, weighting of risk–benefit and justice. These principles form the basis for any discussion concerning human research ethics and are applicable to all areas of research including acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine. World Health Organisation document, Guidelines for Clinical Research on Acupuncture, states that ‘consideration should be given to the different value systems that are involved in human rights such as social, cultural and historical issues’ and that ‘further studies should be conducted in relation to ethical issues involved in clinical research on acupuncture’. In addition to outlining the four basic principles, this paper will also examine the effect of Asian culture on Western human research ethics and how this may impact upon issues such as informed consent and weighting of risk–benefit.

Keywords: acupuncture – Chinese medicine – culture – ethics – human research


For reprints and all correspondence: Christopher Zaslawski, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney 2007, Australia. Tel: +61-2-9514-7856; Fax: +61-2-9514-7866; E-mail: chris.zaslawski{at}uts.edu.au

*Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Third World Congress of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong November 2006 and at the workshop ‘Authenticity, Best Practice and the Evidence Mosaic-The Challenge of Integrating Traditional East Asian medicines into Western Health Care’ at the University of Westminster, London, April 2007.

Received October 25, 2007; accepted May 27, 2008


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