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eCAM Advance Access published online on July 9, 2008
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nen049
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© 2008 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Juliana Marques Senedese1, Aline Rafaela Rodrigues1, Michelle Andrade Furtado1, Viviane Dias Faustino1, Andresa A. Berretta2,3, Juliana M. Marchetti2 and Denise Crispim Tavares1

1Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil, 2Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil and 3Apis Flora Industrial e Comercial Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In the in vitro studies, 3-h pulse (G1 phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In the in vivo assessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in the in vitro test.

Keywords: burns – chromosomal aberrations – micronuclei

For reprints and all correspondence: Denise Crispim Tavares, Universidade de Franca, Av. Dr Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil. Tel: +55 16 3711 8871; Fax: +55 16 3711 8878. E-mail: denisecrispim2001{at}yahoo.com

Received April 4, 2008; accepted May 30, 2008


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