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eCAM Advance Access published online on October 25, 2007
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nem125
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Crocus Sativus L. (Saffron) Extract and its Active Constituents (Crocin and Safranal) on Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rat Skeletal Muscle

Hossein Hosseinzadeh1, Mohammad Hadi Modaghegh2 and Zahra Saffari3

1Pharmaceutical Research Center, 2Mashhad Vascular Surgery Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital and 3Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I. R. Iran

Saffron and its constituents have been shown to decrease ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in kidney or brain tissues. In this study, the effects of saffron ethanolic extract and its constituents, crocin and safranal, were evaluated in skeletal muscle during I/R injury. Hind limb ischemia was induced using clamping the common femoral artery and vein. After 2 h ischemia, the clamp of the femoral vessels of animals was taken off and the animal underwent 1h reperfusion. Muscle injuries were evaluated by recording of the electromyographic (EMG) potentials and performing some biochemical analysis including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulfhydryl (SH) groups and antioxidant capacity of muscle (using FRAP assay). The ethanolic extract of saffron (5, 20 and 80 mg kg–1), crocin (50, 200 and 400 mg kg–1), safranal (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ml kg–1) and normal saline (10 ml kg–1) were administered intraperitoneally 1 h prior reperfusion. The average peak-to-peak amplitude during I/R was significantly increased in extract, crocin and safranal groups in comparison with control-ischemic group. Following saffron, crocin and safranal administration, the total SH contents and antioxidant capacity were elevated in muscle flap. The MDA level was declined significantly in test groups. It is concluded that saffron extract and its constituents show a protective effect against lower limb I/R in rat.

Keywords: Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) – Crocin – Safranal – Oxidative stress – Lower limb ischemia – Reperfusion

For reprints and all correspondence: Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1365-91775, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I. R. Iran. Tel: 98 511 8823252; Fax: 98511 8823251; E-mail: hosseinzadehh{at}mums.ac.ir

Received July 5, 2006; accepted June 9, 2007


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