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eCAM Advance Access published online on October 25, 2007
eCAM, doi:10.1093/ecam/nem089
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© 2007 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

A Review of CAM for Procedural Pain in Infancy: Part II. Other Interventions

Jennie C. I. Tsao1, Subhadra Evans1, Marcia Meldrum2, Tamara Altman1 and Lonnie K. Zeltzer1

1Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 2John C. Liebeskind History of Pain Collection, Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

This article is the second in a two-part series reviewing the empirical evidence for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches for the management of pain related to medical procedures in infants up to 6 weeks of age. Part I of this series investigated the effects of sucrose with or without non-nutritive sucking (NNS). The present article examines other CAM interventions for procedural pain including music-based interventions, olfactory stimulation, kangaroo care and swaddling. Computerized databases were searched for relevant studies including prior reviews and primary trials. Preliminary support was revealed for the analgesic effects of the CAM modalities reviewed. However, the overall quality of the evidence for these approaches remains relatively weak. Additional well-designed trials incorporating rigorous methodology are required. Such investigations will assist in the development of evidence-based guidelines on the use of CAM interventions either alone or in concert with conventional approaches to provide safe, reliable analgesia for infant procedural pain.

For reprints and all correspondence: Jennie C. I. Tsao, PhD, Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10940 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1450, Los Angeles, California 90024. Tel: 310-824-7667; Fax: 310-824-0012; E-mail: jtsao{at}mednet.ucla.edu

Received February 9, 2007; accepted April 24, 2007


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