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eCAM Advance Access originally published online on October 10, 2005
eCAM 2005 2(4):521-527; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh132
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oxfordjournals.org

Treatment Expectations for CAM Interventions in Pediatric Chronic Pain Patients and their Parents

Jennie C. I. Tsao1,*, Marcia Meldrum2, Brenda Bursch3, Margaret C. Jacob4, Su C. Kim1 and Lonnie K. Zeltzer1

1Pediatric Pain Program, Departments of Pediatrics, Anesthesiology and Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA CA, USA, 2John C. Liebeskind History of Pain Collection, Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library, UCLA CA, USA, 3Division of Child Psychiatry, Departments of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA CA, USA, and 4Department of History, UCLA CA, USA

Patient expectations regarding complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions have important implications for treatment adherence, attrition and clinical outcome. Little is known, however, about parent and child treatment expectations regarding CAM approaches for pediatric chronic pain problems. The present study examined ratings of the expected benefits of CAM (i.e. hypnosis, massage, acupuncture, yoga and relaxation) and conventional medicine (i.e. medications, surgery) interventions in 45 children (32 girls; mean age = 13.8 years ± 2.5) and parents (39 mothers) presenting for treatment at a specialty clinic for chronic pediatric pain. Among children, medications and relaxation were expected to be significantly more helpful than the remaining approaches (P < 0.01). However, children expected the three lowest rated interventions, acupuncture, surgery and hypnosis, to be of equal benefit. Results among parents were similar to those found in children but there were fewer significant differences between ratings of the various interventions. Only surgery was expected by parents to be significantly less helpful than the other approaches (P < 0.01). When parent and child perceptions were compared, parents expected hypnosis, acupuncture and yoga, to be more beneficial than did children, whereas children expected surgery to be more helpful than did parents (P < 0.01). Overall, children expected the benefits of CAM to be fairly low with parents' expectations only somewhat more positive. The current findings suggest that educational efforts directed at enhancing treatment expectations regarding CAM, particularly among children with chronic pain, are warranted.

Keywords: Pain – expectation – child – parent – alternative therapies

*For reprints and all correspondence: Jennie C. I. Tsao, PhD, Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10940 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1450, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. Tel: +1-310-824-7667; Fax: +1-310-824-0012; E-mail: jtsao{at}mednet.ucla.edu


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