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eCAM Advance Access originally published online on April 13, 2005
eCAM 2005 2(2):201-207; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh078
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© The Author (2005). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Neuroprotection by Brazilian Green Propolis against In vitro and In vivo Ischemic Neuronal Damage

Masamitsu Shimazawa1, Satomi Chikamatsu1, Nobutaka Morimoto1,2, Satoshi Mishima3, Hiroichi Nagai2 and Hideaki Hara1,*

1Department of Biofunctional Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University Gifu, Japan, 2Department of Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University Gifu, Japan, and 3Research Center, API Co. Ltd Gifu, Japan

We examined whether Brazilian green propolis, a widely used folk medicine, has a neuroprotective function in vitro and/or in vivo. In vitro, propolis significantly inhibited neurotoxicity induced in neuronally differentiated PC12 cell cultures by either 24 h hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure or 48 h serum deprivation. Regarding the possible underlying mechanism, propolis protected against oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in mouse forebrain homogenates and scavenged free radicals [induced by diphenyl-p-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In mice in vivo, propolis [30 or 100 mg/kg; intraperitoneally administered four times (at 2 days, 1 day and 60 min before, and at 4 h after induction of focal cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion)] reduced brain infarction at 24 h after the occlusion. Thus, a propolis-induced inhibition of oxidative stress may be partly responsible for its neuroprotective function against in vitro cell death and in vivo focal cerebral ischemia.

Keywords: focal cerebral ischemia – free radical – lipid peroxidation – middle cerebral artery occlusion – PC12 cell culture

*For reprints and all correspondence: Professor H. Hara, PhD, Department of Biofunctional Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi, Gifu, 502-8585 Japan. Tel: +81-58-237-3931; Fax: +81-58-237-5979; E-mail: hidehara{at}gifu-pu.ac.jp


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