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eCAM Advance Access originally published online on October 6, 2004
eCAM 2004 1(3):233-239; doi:10.1093/ecam/neh036
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© 2004, the authors Evidenced-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 1, Issue 3 © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated.

Review

Prevention of Cancer Through Lifestyle Changes

R. James Barnard

Department of Physiological Science, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA and an abundance of evidence suggests that lifestyle factors including smoking, the typical high-fat, refined-sugar diet and physical inactivity account for the majority of cancer. This review focuses on diet and inactivity as major factors for cancer promotion by inducing insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Elevated levels of serum insulin impact on the liver primarily, increasing the production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) while reducing the production of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) resulting in stimulation of tumor cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis (programmed cell death). Adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber-rich starch foods, which would also include an abundance of antioxidants, combined with regular aerobic exercise might control insulin resistance, reduce the resulting serum factors and thus reduce the risk for many different cancers commonly seen in the USA.

Keywords: diet – exercise – IGF-axis – insulin – p53

For reprints and all correspondence: R. James Barnard, PhD, Physiological Science, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Dr. So, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1606, USA. Tel: +1 310 825 3794; Fax: +1 310 206 9184; E-mail: jbarnard{at}physci.ucla


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